Kidnapping for Ransom as Political Violence: A Criminological Study of Governance Gap and Criminal Entrepreneurship in Nigeria

Abstract

Kidnapping for ransom has become one of the most pervasive forms of political violence and organized crime in Nigeria, with Taraba State emerging as a focal point for this criminal activity. This study explores the intersection between governance failures, criminal entrepreneurship, and the socio-economic and political consequences of kidnapping for ransom in the region. Through a combination of semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and case studies, the research identifies key factors that enable the growth of kidnapping syndicates, including weak law enforcement, corruption, and limited political will. Findings reveal that governance gaps have created an environment conducive to the emergence of professional criminal networks, which exploit kidnapping as a lucrative business model. Additionally, the study highlights the profound impact of kidnapping on local economies, political stability, and public trust in government institutions. The paper concludes by offering comprehensive recommendations to address the root causes of kidnapping for ransom, focusing on improving law enforcement capabilities, strengthening anti-corruption measures, enhancing community-based security initiatives, and promoting economic revitalization programs. The study contributes to criminological literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how governance deficiencies perpetuate the criminal economy of kidnapping, with implications for both policy and practice in Nigeria.